Molarity Example Problem Converting Mass to Moles

Molarity is a unit in chemistry that quantifies the concentration of a solution by measuring moles of solute per liter of solution. The concept of molarity can be tough to grasp, but with enough practice, youll be converting mass to moles in no time. Use this example molarity calculation of a sugar solution to practice. The sugar (the solute) is dissolved in water (the solvent). Calculating Molarity Example Problem In this problem, a four gram sugar cube (sucrose: C12H22O11) is dissolved in a 350-milliliter cup of hot water. Find the molarity of the sugar solution. Start with the equation for molarity: M (molarity) m/V m: number of moles of soluteV: volume of solvent (Liters) Then, use the equation and follow these steps to calculate molarity. Step 1: Determine Moles of Solute The first step in calculating molarity is to determine the number of moles in four grams of solute (sucrose) by finding the atomic mass of each atom in the solution. This can be done using the periodic table. The chemical formula for sucrose is C12H22O11: 12 carbon, 22 hydrogen, and 11 oxygen. You will need to multiply the atomic mass of each atom by the number of atoms of that element in a solution. For sucrose, multiply the mass of hydrogen (which is about 1) by the number of hydrogen atoms (22) in sucrose. You may need to use more significant figures for the atomic masses for your calculations, but for this example, only 1 significant figure was given for the mass of sugar, so one significant figure for atomic mass is used. Once you have the product of each atom, add together the values to get the total grams per mole of sucrose. See the calculation below. C12H22O11 (12)(12) (1)(22) (16)(11)C12H22O11 144 22 176C12H22O11 342 g/mol To get the number of moles in a specific mass of solution, divide the mass in grams by the number of grams per mole in the sample. See below. 4 g/(342 g/mol) 0.0117 mol Step 2: Determine the Volume of Solution in Liters In the end, you need the volume of both the solution and the solvent, not one or the other. Often, however, the amount of solute dissolved in a solution doesnt change the volume of the solution enough to affect your final answer, so you can simply use the volume of solvent. Exceptions to this are often made clear in a problems instructions. For this example, just convert milliliters of water to liters. 350 ml x (1L/1000 ml) 0.350 L Step 3: Determine the Molarity of the Solution The third and final step is to plug the values you have obtained in steps one and two into the molarity equation. Plug 0.0117 mol in for m and 0.350 in for V. M m/VM 0.0117 mol/0.350 LM 0.033 mol/L Answer The molarity of the sugar solution is 0.033 mol/L. Tips for Success Be sure to use the same number of significant figures, which you should have obtained from the period table, throughout your calculation. Not doing so can give you an incorrect or imprecise answer. When in doubt, use the number of significant figures provided to you in the problem in the mass of solute. Keep in mind that not every solution is comprised of only one substance. For solutions made by mixing two or more liquids, finding the correct volume of solution is particularly important. You cant always just add together the volumes of each to get the final volume. If you mix alcohol and water, for example, the final volume will be less than the sum of the volumes of alcohol and water. The concept of miscibility comes into play here and in examples like it.

Characterization of Women in The Yellow Wallpaper and...

Characterization of Women in The Yellow Wallpaper and Desirees Baby There was a time (not so long ago) when a mans superiority and authority wasnt a question, but an accepted truth. In the two short stories, Desirees Baby, and The Yellow Wallpaper, women are portrayed as weak creatures of vanity with shallow or absent personalities, who are dependent on men for their livelihood, and even their sanity. Without men, these women were absolutely helpless and useless. Their very existence hinged on absolute and unquestioning submission†¦alone, a woman is nothing. The setting of both stories reinforces the notion of womens dependence on men. The late 1800s were a turbulent time for womens roles. The turn of the century†¦show more content†¦Johns wife describes their summer retreat as a Colonial mansion, a hereditary estate, I would say a haunted house†¦The windows are barred (158-161). Both dwellings are clearly symbolic of the dark, stifling circumstances surrounding a woman of the times. In fact, the narrator of The Yellow Wallpaper eventually perceives the very room she is in as a prison. When speaking of the paper she says, By moonlight it becomes bars (164) it is clear that she feels trapped. Characterization also plays a major role in conveying the sexist and generally inferior manner in which women were treated and perceived. The men are condescending and unemotional. At first, Aubingy is described as passionately loving his Desiree†¦That was how the Aubingys fell in love, as if struck by a pistol shot (141). However, upon finding that his baby is not the Aryan bundle of joy hed thought it to be, the racially charged remark that Aubigny makes to his distraught wife is I want you to go (143). How can a love so powerful, which would have caused him to forget the importance of a name, have deserted him so readily? Almost as quickly as it came, the love-light went out of his eyes, and was replaced with unparalleled intolerance.

The Organizational Structure Of A Business Organization Essay

One thought is the organizational structure. It appears that the organization is genuinely robotic in its structure. This may not be the most fitting structure, given the way of the business. Since shoe outlines are changing so quickly, production changes setup are every now and again required. The organization is required to respond to environmental factors quickly. A more natural structure would permit this to happen. The stream of data and communication at present being utilized inside of the organization appears to be mixed. Now and again it takes after the recommended hierarchy of leadership despite the fact that persons in a specific order perform no helpful capacity.An undeniable test confronted by Olsen is to move far from a framework that has existed for more than 30 years. The workers are as of now content with the way the organization is working regardless of the fact that it gives a bigger number of constraints and differences than embracing an ERP. The methodology that w ould draw to their advantage would be full preparing of the framework, occupation update and improvement with obligations regarding Foremen, the simplicity of holding data and giving feedback to administration and open doors for development and advancement inside of the association for all workers. Each of these worker motivators would render better occupation fulfillment for both Lawson and Flynn and would facilitate a percentage of the coordination and collaboration issues managers andShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Structure Of The Business Organization1741 Words   |  7 Pagesbest skills in order to ensure that the qualities of the foods are not compromised at all times. The interview with jack focused on a number of areas. These include the issue of motivation, team or group work as well as the organizational structure of the business organization. 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Strokes Essay - 794 Words

Strokes Neurologic clinics: Provides an overview of stroke rehabilitation covering patient management in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases of poststroke treatment. Cognitive, behavioral, and functional assessment in the subacute poststroke phase is discussed, neuropsychiatric problems occurring during this phase are identified, and cognitive deficits and perceptual deficits encountered during occupational therapy are described. Speech, recreational, and music therapy and social support services are also considered. Rehabilitation Psychology: Objective: To investigate the efficacy of music therapy techniques as an aid in improving mood and social interaction after traumatic brain injury or stroke. Design: Eighteen†¦show more content†¦Soon after the onset of stroke, patients usually experience a major emotional turbulence due to loss of motor, language, or cognitive capacities. The primary goal of art therapy in stroke rehabilitation is to help patients process and readapt to the multiple aspects of this new situation. The case of a 51-yr-old male stroke patient is presented to illustrate the use of this therapeutic model. Handbook of Rehab. Psychology: Constraint-induced (CI) movement therapy greatly increases the amount of use of an impaired upper extremity in patients with chronic stroke by repeatedly practicing use of the stroke-affected arm and constraining use of the unaffected arm. This new approach to physical rehabilitation elaborated from basic research in behavioral psychology and neuroscience. This chapter provides a brief exploration of reasons why psychologists are not regularly involved in motor rehabilitation research and practice, a discussion of the importance of basic research for progress in rehabilitation, and a sketch of the contributions of basic behavioral psychology and neuroscience research to rehabilitation psychology. 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Ot her risk factors include high blood pressure,Read More stroke Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pagesvascular accident or a stroke is the destruction of brain substance, resulting from thrombosis, intracranial hemorrhage, or embolism, which causes vascular insufficiency. In addition, it is an area of the brain denied blood and oxygen that is required and damage is done to a part of the cells. The effect of the patient depends upon where the damage occurs and the severity of the stroke. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Each year alone about 150,000 people in America die from a stroke or are seriously disabledRead MoreThe Loss Of A Stroke875 Words   |  4 PagesAbout three years ago my grandfather had a stroke. When we were at the hospital, the nurses told my family that it was not a very serious stroke compared to how serious it could have become, and that the likelihood of his recovery would be very promising. Seeing him in the hospital impacted me greatly because my great-grandfather died of a stroke. 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Ethical Issues Faced By Psychiatric Nurse-Free-Samples for Students

Question: What is the frequency of ethical issues faced by Psychiatric Nurse in relation to Patient autonomy? Answer: Introduction Mental health nursing is a key domain, where nurses deal with different kinds of patients, experiencing psychological issues. For instance, the nurses need to have enough skills, knowledge and patience to deal with these kinds of patients and provide adequate care to them. In this context, the nurses may undergo several challenges while dealing with such patients. In several cases, the patients become violent and it becomes tough for the nurses to deal with these kinds of patients, making the patients satisfied with the services and providing them maximum quality of services (Fortinash and Worret 2014). Another challenge is that since mental illness impairs the capacity of reasoning and making choices, responding to the needs of patient without violating the principle of autonomy becomes a difficult task for nurses. According to the NMBA standards of nursing practices, nurses are required to provide safe and responsive care to patient in accordance with relevant policies, standards a nd legislation (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Registered nurse standards for practice 2017). For psychiatric nurse also, taking decision in the best interest of patient becomes necessary. However, according to ethical practice, respecting patients autonomy is important. However, mental health nurse are often confronted with the issue of taking decisions on behalf of patient in emergencies. This leads to ethical conflict issues (Puthran et al. 2013). There is a need to analyse nurse experience of conflict in relation to violating patients autonomy during care. Hence, in order to adapt appropriate model to solve the nursing issues in psychiatric practice, the purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the psychiatric nurse perspective of violating patients autonomy during emergencies. Appropriate literature search will be done, followed by the review of these literatures, in order to find what is already known about the topic and what areas are left to be explored. Method Search strategy In order to search relevant literatures for the current study, several authentic search engines has been explored, including Pubmed, Chocrane library, Medline, Google scholar and CDU library. The search date was filtered between the year 2008 to 2017. Other inclusion criteria for taking literatures include they must be peer reviewed journal articles and all of the articles must dealing with challenges faced by nurse due to violation of patients autonomy only. Article based on other challenges related to clinical issue were excluded. The primary search term included psychiatric or mental health nurse, psychiatric nurse and violation of patients autonomy, perception of nurse related to challenges in patients autonomy and other relevant term. Literature analysis method All the article were analysed and selected by reviewing the title and abstract first. This was done to ensure that all articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The final selection of article was done based on removing duplicates and selecting final articles based on extensive reading of the entire articles. The data collected were analysed by the approach of thematic analysis to categories the nurse perception about violating patients autonomy into different themes. Literature review: The review of literature related to perception of psychiatric nurse towards violation of patients autonomy gave rise to the following theme: Violation in autonomy of psychiatry patients due to inappropriate nurse attitude and complexity of psychiatric nursing: In acute inpatient and emergency settings, the psychiatric nursing staffs faces several difficult challenges, which they need to deal critically; especially while dealing with dangerous and aggressive patients. According to the ethical codes of nurses, nurses are liable to provide adequate freedom, respect and positive regards towards the patients. However, in some cases, patients become so aggressive or violent that he nurses need to restrict their autonomy or hinder their human rights in the care setting. The review of the study by Eren (2014) evaluated the nurses attitude towards ethical issues in psychiatric inpatient setting. The cross sectional interview with 202 psychiatric nurse in five psychiatric hospitals in Istanbul revealed different ethical code related problem faced by nurse. The study showed that conflict between nurse and patient occurred because of inappropriate attitude of nurse. For example nurses were found to be disrespectful towards patients right of autonomy and they were often found to neglect patients interest in time of emergencies. The main factors leading to frequent ethical problem for nurse was poor nurse-patient ratio, work overload, neglect, careless behaviour, lack of knowledge regarding nursing ethics and communications skills and inability to cope with the complexity of psychiatric nursing. Hence, until the knowledge of nurse regarding nursing is their attitude towards coping with psychiatric nurse is improved, they cannot solve ethical challenges rel ated to maintaining patients autonomy during care. The structure of care for psychiatric patient in hospital setting is also a reason for such issues and forced hospitalization and isolation increases the ethical dilemmas by violating the patient autonomy and privacy rights. Therefore, Eren (2014) was successful in demonstrating the key reasons, which lead to ethical dilemmas for nurse in the area of, maintain patients autonomy. The only gap in the study was that data collection by convenience sampling limited the validity of the result. However, the research also pointed out to future research with the question of how nurse can acknowledge ethical issues in daily life and what education may reduce unethical behaviour and nurse-patient conflict in psychiatric setting. Perception of nurse related to autonomy of psychiatric patients based on experience: Another research study was based on the assumption that respect for patients autonomy is dependent on the ability to handle mentally ill patient, appropriate attitude and knowledge about subjective feeling of patient. With this assumption, Puthran et al. (2013) investigated about the experience of psychiatric nurse in violating patients autonomy with regard to decision making. Past studies have reported that psychiatric nurse plays an important role in addressing patients need and their wish for autonomy. The psychiatric nurses strategy of manipulation and persuasion supports them to justify the action of violating patients autonomy. The main intention of violating patients autonomy is to protect patients form making harmful decisions (Smith and Herber 2015). Some studies has also reported that legal status of patients and poor collaboration between the health care team responsible for particular patients treatment also results in violation of autonomy and ethical conflict in psychia tric setting (Lawn et al. 2015). Puthran et al. (2013) analysed the psychiatric nurses perception of autonomy of mentally ill patients by cross sectional interview with nurse in Mangalore. It was based on use of closed ended questionnaire with Likert scale. The assessment of perceoption was done with 5 point likert scale and grade of poor, moderate, good and excellent for specified percentage. Therefore, the main perceptions that were evaluated on likert scale included perception of autonomy, maintaining confidentiality, preventing harm to patients and complying with research ethics and professionalism. The overall perception of autonomy was good for all nurses. The main limitation of the study is that only close ended questionnaire was used which only gave an idea of level of perception and there was lack of detail regarding the challenges in relation to each perception. Use of open ended questions would have strengthened the validity of the study. The conclusion from the study is that perception of autonomy is not dependent on demographic variable, instead this can be strengthended by developing a trusting relationship with mentally ill patient. Hence, nurses need to adapt strategies to justify their control in decision making for patient based on certain emergency situation. The moral obligations make it difficult for patient to balance clinical responsiveness and commit to rules and regulations while proving treatment to mentally ill patient. Experience of challenges faced by nurse in maintaining patients autonomy during administration of antipsychotic depot: Antipsychotic long acting injections (LAI) is often prescribed to patient with mental health problems. The main advantage of administering antipsychotic LAI is that it facilates consistent drug delivery without risk of overdose. Mentally ill patients are often non-adherent with medications too and LAI improves medication adherence too (Westaway et al 2016). Mental health nurse working in inpatient setting is mostly responsible for administering antipsychotic LAI to patients. However, this medication is associated with serious side effects and nurses are often attacked for ethical misconduct as they their role is complicated by the need to balance care and professional and ethical obligations in care. Therefore, the nursing action of injecting LAI without patients consent in often regarded as hostile, restrictive and coercive approach too care. Nurses are sometimes correct in their action of restraining and detaining patients due to their role of keeping patients safe and secure (Gray , 2015). Smith and Herber, (2015) further explored in depth about the level of challenges faced by mental health in administering antipsychotic depot and LAI. The phenomenological research approach was used to conduct the study with qualified mental health nurses who had at least 6 months experience in administering LAI. The semi-structured interview with participants gave rise to the themes of lack of alternative, safety, feeling uncomfortable and issues in maintain therapeutic relationship. Each of the theme were analysed in depth. The nurse found delivering the LAI a challenging task because they could not address the ethical issues involved in it as there was no alternative way to help patient. Many nurses also has safety concerns for patients as they were not sure whether LAI would do more harm or good to patient. Secondly, they also reported that ethical challenges like giving injection without prior consent from patient came in the way of their duty of maintaining therapeutic relations hip with patient. They found it difficult to balance the role of a therapeutic nurse and the obligation to provide LAI to mentally ill patients. Hence, they were bounded to violate patients autonomy because of the need to protect other patients from harm. The key strength of the study is that the research has effectively illustrated the ethical issue of violating patients autonomy while administering antipsychotic LAI. The gap in the study is that frequencies of ethical issues could not be calculated by qualitative research method and mixed method study would have given this information. The main implications of the study for psychiatric nursing is that nurse must be given a mechanism to justify their action of violating patients autonomy and addressing ethical issues in care. Research gap and research question Reviewing the available literatures related to the research topic, it has been revealed that there are several issues or challenges faced by the mental health nurses. Inappropriate attitude of nurse such as neglect, lack of knowledge aboit nursing ethic and lack of coping skill for handling the complexity of psychiatric nursing were found as a factor in providing negative experience to nurses (Eren 2014). The review of literature also pointed out to the organizational constraint of maintaining safety of patient as reason for negative experience and distress in psychiatric nurses. In the ethical issue of administering LAI without patients content, it was found that nurses had little choice because they had no other alternative and they were bounded by the directives of the organization. Hence, it can be said that both personal inefficiency and organizational obligation resulted in patient-nurse conflict issue due to violation of patient autonomy. The gap in the current study is that s ome only evaluated the perception of nurse on Likert scale and other study only evaluated detailed experience of patient. Hence, there is a need for research methods which would specify both the frequence of ethical issues as well as the experience of nurse in such situation. The question is as follows: What is the frequency of ethical issues faced by psychiatric nurse in relation to patient autonomy? What are the perception of nurse regarding challenges in maintain patient autonomy in emergency situations? Conclusion In conclusion, it can be interpreted that nurses in mental health care domain are facing several challenges in balancing patients right to autonomy and maintaining ethical and professional obligation in care. The literature review has revealed that issues arise not only because of lack of nurses knowledge and skills in dealing with the complexity of psychiatric nursing, instead organizational obligations also plays a role in such issues. There is a need for in-depth study regarding the frequency of issues and perception of nurse so that specific mechanism can be developed by which nurses could report about the challenges and justify their actions in psychiatric setting. Reference List Eren, N., 2014, Nurses attitudes toward ethical issues in psychiatric inpatient settings, Nursing ethics,21(3), pp.359-373. Fortinash, K.M. Worret, P.A.H., 2014, Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing-E-Book, Elsevier Health Sciences. Gray, R., 2015, Cash, choice, antipsychotic medication and the mental health nurse,Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing,22(2), pp.149-153. Lawn, S., Delany, T., Pulvirenti, M., Smith, A. McMillan, J., 2015, A qualitative study examining the presence and consequences of moral framings in patients and mental health workers experiences of community treatment orders, BMC psychiatry,15(1), p.274. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Registered nurse standards for practice. 2017,Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au., Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards/registered-nurse-standards-for-practice.aspx Puthran, S., Vaswani, V., Jain, A. Kakunje, A., 2013, Perception about autonomy of patients having psychiatric disorder/illness by psychiatry nursing Staff,Age,21, p.30. Smith, J.P. Herber, O.R., 2015, Ethical issues experienced by mental health nurses in the administration of antipsychotic depot and long?acting intramuscular injections: A qualitative study, International journal of mental health nursing,24(3), pp.222-230. Westaway, K., Sluggett, J.K., Alderman, C., Procter, N. Roughead, E., 2016, Prevalence of multiple antipsychotic use and associated adverse effects in Australians with mental illness, International journal of evidence-based healthcare,14(Medication Safety Issue: 3), pp.104-112.

Different Types of Criticism and Literary Movements in Short Stories Essay Example For Students

Different Types of Criticism and Literary Movements in Short Stories Essay The short story dates back as early as the 14th Century. It offers what a novel or the equivalent would offer but it has a swiftness and completeness about it. According to Ruby Redinger, the short story is most powerful through graphic narration 752. The short story has captured a diverse group of things from the supernatural to an everyday occurrence. Nearly any situation can be worked into a short story if the right writer is managing the idea. The first masters of the short story in the eyes of Redinger were Boccaccio, Decameron, and Chaucer, Canterbury Tales 752. These stories were both written during the 14th Century. During the Renaissance period the short story lost its edge and writers attempts to do what Boccaccio and Chaucer had done failed. In the 19th Century America was the first to declare the short story as a literary form. During this time the authors Edgar Allan Poe, Washington Irving, and Nathaniel Hawthorn contributed to the survival of the short story. During this timeframe realism, romanticism, and impressionism were the more common literary movements. The short story can also use many other forms and types of criticism to describe it. A few different forms are surrealism, Dadaism, Imagism, Romanticism, and many others. The satire is both a type of literature and a literary manner. It has an early history in poetry as a genre. C. Hugh Holman states that it originated in the 2nd Century B. C. by Roman satirist Lucilius and later practiced by Horace, Persius, Juvenal, and Quintilian 294. A satire is more frequently a literary manner in which the imperfections of a person, entire mankind, or an institution are ridiculed with the intention of correcting them. Satire is also applied to magic songs and ritualistic incentives in Greek, Old Irish, and Arabic literatures, where the ritual curse was believed to have powerful effects. The satire is often confused with the satyr play of Greek drama and coarse comic manner. This has influenced and confused the ideas about a satire in English literature. Although the satire is often comic, its primary object is not to provoke general laughter but to provoke laughter for corrective purposes. The satire always has a target, which is held up to mock upon the satirists unveiling. The satirists viewpoint is nearly that of the cold-eyed realist, that penetrates shame and pretense for a didactic reason. The simplest direct form of satire is criticism, an up-front attack of the subject causing a sudden, harsh exposure of the truth. Another form is exaggeration, in which only the negative aspects are emphasized. An indirect satire is usually a plot in which the characters portray themselves as ridiculous by their actions or speech. The indirect forms include irony, burlesque, travesty, and parody. The great modern age of the satire was the neoclassic period. As Holman states, the satiric spirit was everywhere and a return was made to formal verse satire 294. Later satirists include Mark Twain, Ambrose Bierce, Sinclair Lewis, E. E. Cummings, and many others. Realism is a literary movement in Europe and the United States in the last half of the 19th Century and the early years of the 20th. Its origins trace back to France, around the 1830s. As Holman states, the realists values the material universe, the events that occur in it, and the observable causes of those events, and feels profound obligation to report them accurately, fully, and above all, objectively 294. Honore de Balzac was the first great realist writer, and was soon followed by Gustave Flaubert. The detailed description of life that was not sugar-coated was the masterpiece of the movement in France. There were realistic elements in the works of Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray, although the formal realistic movement did not come until around the 1880s. This was the time of George Moore and George Gissing who were followed at the turn of the century by Arnold Bennett and John Galsworthy. The greatest English realist and a very self-conscious one was the earlier George Eliot, who felt it a great obligation to report men and the things as they are reflected in the mirror of my mind' Holman 294. In the United States, realism was a self-conscious movement that was borrowed from the French and the Russians. It was carefully expressed by William Dean Howells and Henry James. Holman claims that In James case, the epistemological problem intruded to such an extent that that he finally became more interested in the process of perception of the actual than in its description, thus producing the psychological novel. Pearl is the Scarlet Letter EssayIts followers expressed their fury at the destruction caused by the war by revolting against many forms of social gathering. They presented their works marked by calculated madness and flashy nonsense. They stressed total freedom of expression, commonly through primitive displays of emotion and illogical, often senseless, poetry Gale. In about 1921 the movement transferred to France where it died. Some of Dadas spirit was carried into the surrealist movement. Surrealism was a major literary movement that began in France in the 1920s. According to Galloway, it reacted against aesthetic tradition and against the sterility of Dada, the surrealist sought to create a super reality that would blend the perceptions of the unconscious mind with the external realities of the phenomenal world 69. Surrealists often used grotesque themes, dreams, hallucinations, and subconscious visions in their writing. One technique was to place ordinary objects in new or illogical situations to stress the superficiality of conventional visions of reality. Around 1940, surrealism ceased to enjoy the authority of an organized movement. Some writers that used surrealism were Nathanael West, Nathalie Sarraute, James Purdy, and Michel Butor. There are several different types of criticism in literature. Criticism is the systematic study and evaluation of literary works, usually based on a specific set of principles. The practice of criticism has raised numerous theories and methods sometimes conflicting with other interpretations of literature. It has even raised basic issues such as what makes up a poem or a novel. A term used in criticism is classicism; classicism is used to describe critical principles that have their roots in ancient Greek and Roman literature. Literature associated with classicism usually displays restraint on the part of the author, unity of design and purpose, clarity, simplicity, logical organization, and respect for tradition. Neoclassicism refers to the revival of the attitudes and styles of expression in classical literature. It is normally used to describe a period of European history beginning in the late 17th Century and ending in about 1800. It marked a return to order, proportion, restraint, logic, accuracy, and decorum. Neoclassicism writers typically reacted against the intensity and enthusiasm of the Renaissance period. They wrote works that appealed to the intellect by using elevated language and classical literary forms such as satire. A movement in 20th Century criticism was structuralism; it examines how literary texts arrive at their meanings, rather than the meaning itself. There are two major types of structuralism analysis: one examines the way patterns of linguistic structures unify a specific text and emphasize certain elements of that text, and the other interprets the way literary forms and conventions affect the meaning of language itself Gale. In the late 1920s, the New Criticism movement came about. It stressed close textual analysis in the interpretation of works of literature. Its critics saw little value in historical and biographical analysis; instead they aimed to examine the text alone and not to be influenced by external events. Platonic Criticism was a form that stressed an artistic works usefulness as an agent of social engineering rather than any quality or value of the work itself Franklin. Another method of criticism, developed by Jacques Derrida, characterized multiple conflicting interpretations of a given work; it was called Deconstruction. Deconstructionists consider the impact of the language of a work and suggest that the true meaning of the work is not necessarily the meaning that the author intended Gale. Other methods of criticism include: psychoanalytic, poststructuralist, new historicist, and many more. Literature has many different interpretations that may or may not be right. A different type of criticism and form could be made up to refer to a specific story. Each type caters more specifically to one story versus another. A story could be classified as one form and another story with similar events could be categorized as a completely different one. Of the many different types there already are many more will come and they will just be exactly what the previous types were. They will be a particular type broken down into two or three other types. Literature is kind of like cars, it started as GM, then Chevrolet, then a Camaro, and last a different model with different options.