Human Behaviour In Organization Essay

We need to study gay manner point as we participate in the day-to-day processes and bitivities of hu merciful beings life. The need to clear the conduct of differents especially those we come in cont meet with, and the need to promise and predict how others may act in certain situations atomic number 18 substantial since we be furbish uped by their actions.We study forgiving air in order to befuddle an understanding of the actions of tidy sum. Its professional analysis could very considerably help an disposal achieve its goals and pave the way for more copious relationships among privates in groups and among groups in the organization. Hellrieger and Slocum expressed . . . events do not occur hardly by chance, but rather, that events atomic number 18 linked together. By understanding and teaching to anticipate the expression of others, we also learn to influence others as sh have got in Miltons model of understanding, predicting, and influencing. The under standing of peoples behavior makes the foretelling and prediction of events easier and smoother. We posterior thus influence them to think, feel, and act accordingly.The study of homophile behavior is certainly indispensable in the formulation of legal philosophys, rules, policies, etc. hostel cannot function at its maximum for the people if its comp unrivallednts of the organization in which the individual belongs do not have guidelines that are appropriate and that provide for the satisfaction of his needs and for the attainment of his goals.The realm of science and technology depart be exerciseless without the study of human behavior for it is their aim to make man live better and easier. Scientists and technologists wouldnt know what to invent if they are not familiar with mans needs.Business, especially marketing, will not amplify without a study of peoples wants and desires. Man would not and cannot secure all the products and services the comp any(prenominal) offers . Selective buying is a behavior that an organization should be aware of and understand. For a firm, studying behavior can increase its productivity for it provides knowledge and development which can be the bases for improve its performance, for reasonable decision and policy-making, for better planning and organizing, psychenel and human resources recruitment, screening, selection, promotion, and development.It is worthwhile to study human behavior primarily because we are part of the human race, and it is by studying human behavior that we look not notwithstanding into the some angiotensin-converting enzymeality of others but into our personalities as well. We come to terms with ourselves, understand distinguishable aspects of our personality, and find ways to improve ourselves and beget. Through introspection, we create self-awareness, an important particle in relating ourselves with others.NATURE AND SCOPE OF HUMAN airAny act of an individual person which is consider ed human behavior is a reflection of his thoughts, feelings, emotions, sentiments whether cognizant or not. It mirrors his needs, values, motivation, aspirations, conflicts, and state of life. Behavior, therefore, consists of all human activities. humankind behavior occurs anyplace and everywhere. It is committed alone, with another person, with a group or an organization. The principles and concepts that underlie behavior are basic. It is their implementation and practice that differ from group to group or from one country to another.Human behavior which is also confabulateed human act is antithetic from act of man. When man performs an act with extra will, he does a human act. He is responsible for such act which is performed with alternatives to choose from. It is bighearted will from whence responsibility emanates and flows that makes man a human being perform human acts or human behavior.An act of man is performed by one who is forced to do so at the risk of his own life. He does not have any other alternative/s to choose from. He is not given the opportunity to use his free will and thus, he is not responsible for this act. He, therefore, commits an act of man. An example is a man marrying a woman at the point of a gun. Instincts and reflexes are other examples of acts of man.Human behavior can be understood better(p) by developing frameworks from the behavioral sciences which represent a systematic carcass of knowledge pertaining to why and how people behave as they do.ASSUMPTIONS1. Every person is significantly different from the moment of conception. From the time an individual is conceived, he undergoes a plethora of changes physical, mental, hearty, psychological as he grows and develops from childhood to adulthood.2. Every person is a constantly active, goal-seeking organism. Whether consciously or unconsciously, he is goal-oriented.3. Every person is dynamic. Status quo does not characterize his state since he is barraged by different f orces around him.4. The characteristics of an organization influence the behavior of the entire organization and, to a great extent, the behavior of individuals within it as well.5. Behavior cannot be predicted with one hundred percent accuracy since it arises from the varying needs and value systems of many different people.6. There are no simple formulas for working with people. No one best answer. No specimen organization exists, neither an ideal person.CONCEPTS1. Almost all behavior is learned. This applies to adults and children whose learning can be altered. However, this is not true to a newly born infant and to a foetus in the mothers womb. The former sucks milk from the mothers breast through instinct. By and large, learning is the first step in behaving. Whatever is learned can be modified or changed2. Human being adapt. In accordance with their needs and values, individuals adjust to their environment. When their new learnings are congruent with their value system, they adopt them. What is adopted becomes part of their culture.PRINCIPLES1. Thorndikes law of effect states that behavior which is followed by a satisfying state of personal business tends to be repeated but a behavior followed by an unacceptable conditions tends to be extinguished.2. Stimuli are those forces which impact the arresting organs of our five sensory input channels sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. The impact of stimuli is a function of frequency, recency, and felt intensity. Communication, in all cases, consists of the creation of stimuli.3. Behavior is caused but its causality is uncertain and usually multiple. It may be classified as having either a rational (cognitive) or an emotional (affective) basis.4. Classical conditioning is a powerful technique for altering the behavior of others. But mans freedom of the will makes him responsible for his actions.5. There are no two individuals who are likewise in all dimensions. The differences become more striking a s they are compared from the physical to the socio-psychological components. Hence, the great disparity in behavior even amongst twins, since behavior is a reflection of a persons physical, mental, psychological characteristics.METHODS OF STUDYING HUMAN BEHAVIORHuman behavior is a phenomenon which was observed, described, and speculated on cursorily sans any formal and written objectives and procedures. The primary(prenominal)tenance of good relationships among and among individuals and groups was considered an art which master(prenominal)ly used speculation, informal and irregular observation of people and incidents. Philosophy based on speculation and logic and physiology based on experimental observation were the however two main approaches to the study of human behavior.The study of human behavior as a science began only in the 19th century. It was an offshoot of the studies in various disciplines like psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics. Its foundations are rooted in these sciences. The methods used in the study of human behavior are the same as those in other sciences experiments, surveys and case method. It makes use of observation, interview, questionnaire, check list, scales psychological tests, and statistics.1. THREE-LEVEL METHOD. Milton proposed a model of studying human behavior at three levels individual, group, and organization. It is called the I-G-O Model. This classification is the basis for differentiating the content of the courses in human behavior offered at the three program levels in schools. At the undergraduate level, the individual is the focus of attention in the masters program, emphasis is primed(p) on the group, and at the doctoral level, human behavior is studied at the organizational level.2. INTERDISCIPLINARY MODEL. Human behavior in organization is inter- and multi-disciplinary. At the individual level, psychology provides knowledge of perception, motivation and learning, while physiology and anatomy giv es information and principles on the body and how it works. At the group level. Sociology and other disciplines like social work and education have given much contribution. Sociology offers insights into the roles, norms, authority, power, influence and status. Anthropology and other sciences like economics, business, law and medicine have wrought more changes and influences on human behavior at the organizational level. Culture and its artifacts are the main contribution of anthropology in the study of behavior in organization.HUMAN BEHAVIORINDIVIDUALGROUPORGANIZATIONPsychologySociology AnthropologyPhysiology Social Work Economics, Business Anatomy Education Law, Medicine unhomogeneous SCIENCES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THEUNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR3. DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL. People grow and move to higher levels of resourcefulness, creativity, competency, and self-realization through proper maintenance, recognition, and development programs. Keith and Davis call this the human resources (supportive)approach. These basic and potent needs are recognized and carry through by the organization which considers them as the central resource in any organization and any society.To the extent that people are well screened and selected, hold and supported, recognized and developed, they can bring in and develop the various artifacts of an organization philosophy (mission, goals, objectives, aims), funds (equity, borrowings, loans), values (needs, responsibilities), facilities (land, building, equipment, supplies), and technology (processes, knowhow). People are the main crux and heart of the organization, the six components are at their beck and call. These six components affect the individual who alters his behavior in a context which he himself has created.4. SYSTEMS MODEL. A social system is a complex and dynamic set of relation- ships among its actors interacting with one another. An organization is a social system consisting of various parts at its subsystems. The syst ems theory posits that the organization is an open system with internal and external factors contact on its subsystems making it very fluid, tenuous, dynamic and complex and these parts are interdependent and interrelated with each other This concept is opposed to the tralatitious view of a closed system with independent and uninterrelated parts.5. CONTINGENCY MODEL. The vary factors in each problematic situation may constitute a unique condition. The problem- solver essential explicitly consider the specific conditions to which a problem relates instead of simply prescribing a closure which may have worked elsewhere but under different conditions. This means that no solution can work under all circumstances. Every problem must be studied and analyzed in light of complex factors that may br highly interrelated with each other.